Tuning in before healing
            Studies have shown that 
      the vibrations from rhythmic sounds have a profound effect on brain 
      activity. In shamanic traditions, drums were used in periodic rhythm to 
      transport the shaman into other realms of reality. Like sound waves, the 
      brain has its own set of vibrations which it uses to communicate with 
      itself and the rest of the body; EEG equipment distinguishes these waves 
      by measuring the speed with which neurons (nerve cells) fire in cycles per 
      second. Alpha brain waves range between 7  12 Hz, which causes deep 
      relaxation.3       Before a 
      healer commences healing s/he centres themselves and tunes in with the 
      person receiving healing (the healee). Studies have shown that a person 
      healing with intent will typically exhibit a (alpha) brain waves as 
      demonstrated using an EEG and known as the a 
      state.       Studies have also shown that 
      during healing the healer's alpha brainwaves synchronise with those of the 
      healee, so both will be resonating at the same frequency (sympathetic 
      resonance).4 In other words, channelling energy through the 
      healer and to the healee involves both being in the a 
      state.       Sympathetic resonance, as 
      with the strings on a Hardanger fiddle or Hurdy Gurdy (vielle), or indeed 
      the solid material of a bridge when marching soldiers fail to break step, 
      results in constructive interference taking place. Constructive 
      interference is when two wave forms produced in separate 'structures' 
      resonate in sympathy and, in so doing, increase the amplitude of the wave 
      form without altering its frequency. In the case of the bridge, this can 
      eventually result in the collapse of the bridge. In the case of the human 
      brain might it facilitate the transmission of a signal(s) from the brain 
      to the body via the A.N.S. for instance? 
      Tapping the universal energy source
            Alpha is also the home 
      of the window frequency known as the Schuman Resonance, which is the 
      vibrational frequency of the earth's electromagnetic field (emf). This 
      means that the brain waves of a person in the alpha state will resonate in 
      sympathy with the earth's emf producing constructive interference which 
      amplifies the vibration. This might explain how healers (having tuned into 
      the healee) are able to draw on energy (universal energy source?) from 
      outside themselves i.e. channel energy through them to the healee. It also 
      might explain the discrepancy between the magnitude of the biomagnetic 
      field produced by the hand during healing (at least 1000 times greater 
      than that of normal human bio-magnetism when healing is not taking place) 
      and the corresponding 'electric' current which is detected flowing through 
      the hands i.e. the extraordinary large bio-magnetic field strength was 
      shown not to derive from internal body current alone.5 The 
      above phenomenon only seems odd if we attribute the human biofield solely 
      to electricity produced within the human body. Surmising that the extra 
      large field produced during healing might be produced by drawing on the 
      'infinite energy source' via the Schuman resonance makes much more 
      sense.       The discovery of millions of 
      crystals in the cells of the brain suggests that the brain might be able 
      to tune in (similar to a radio receiver) to the surrounding earth's emf, 
      the crystals providing the vibratory link between the earth's emf and the 
      alpha brain waves, resulting in the Schuman Resonance. The transmission of 
      waves from the brain throughout the body  in possibly a similar way to 
      transmission of radio waves from a radio tuned to a certain frequency  
      could help the body achieve its own particular resonant frequency thought 
      to achieve, or be conducive to, optimal 
      health.       Also, under normal, healthy 
      circumstances, does the brain transmit correct frequencies to all cells of 
      the body to keep them resonating at the optimal frequency? If, for some 
      reason, the cells begin to oscillate at a less than optimal frequency due 
      to: localised injury, emotional trauma, magnetic field deficiency etc., 
      then hands-on healing may be exerting its effect by jump-starting the 
      system to redirect (divert) energy flow. Following a myocardial infarction 
      (heart attack), electrical waves travelling through the heart muscle have 
      to re-route themselves round the area of damaged cardiac muscle so that 
      the heart can display normal rhythmia once 
      more.       To sum up, channelling of 
      energy through the healer to the healee involves both being in the alpha 
      state, with the healer tuned into the earth's emf via the Schuman 
      Resonance. 
      Magnetic Field Deficiency Syndrome
      The importance of existing in harmony with the earth's 
      natural emf has been brought to our attention with the emergence of 
      diseases attributed to magnetic field deficiency syndrome, such as many 
      degenerative diseases, certain types of memory loss, or conditions such as 
      M.E.       Human beings, and all other 
      living creatures, have their own electrical-magnetic energy balance. Since 
      our first appearance on the planet, we have also encountered external 
      emfs. The human body floats in a sea of magnetic fields  those of the 
      earth, moon, sun and other galactic fields.6 The earth itself 
      has an iron core that generates a halo of electromagnetic energy, reaching 
      far beyond our atmosphere. All life on earth has adapted to and existed in 
      this natural electromagnetic environment for millions of 
      years.       The body is full of 
      magnetisable materials, such as iron in the haemoglobin of the blood. The 
      biomagnetic fields of the body have been measured using SQUIDS 
      (super-conducting quantum interference devices) and found to be 100,000 
      times weaker than the earth's fields.7 We are so dependent on 
      the earth's fields that when we leave the planet for prolonged periods we 
      suffer. Astronauts in space for long periods require artificial magnetic 
      fields to maintain health.       In the 
      last one hundred years we have radically altered our environment with 
      human-made emfs with a different waveform, coherence, and frequency to 
      natural emfs, and their effects on living biological systems are only just 
      beginning to be understood. Naturally-occurring emfs do not seem to 
      significantly alter the body's innate electromagnetic balance and are 
      thought to be necessary for its proper functioning.8 Most 
      concern comes from alternating currents (AC electricity) which create an 
      energy field that is both electrical and magnetic. Electrical fields are 
      of little concern as they do not penetrate the body, while ac magnetic 
      fields do penetrate organisms. 
      Nature of the Healing Energy
            John Zimmerman at the 
      University of Colorado has adapted a machine to measure the brain's 
      magnetic field to monitor the entire body. When a trained healer attempts 
      to heal, Zimmerman observes distinct changes in the body's fields. Signals 
      up to several hundred times larger than background noise appear while the 
      healer works. Some seem to be associated with frequencies in the range of 
      alpha and theta waves as seen in the brain. As the signals' frequencies 
      decrease in cycles per second, their amplitudes 
      increase.7       Also, William 
      Tiller at Stanford University, CA, reported in 1986 that he had 
      constructed a device that released bursts of electrons in response to 
      focused healing energy from a healer's hands. The device was in a Faraday 
      cage which shields it from any form of electromagnetic energy such as 
      radio, microwave, infrared, visible light, UV, X-rays or Gamma rays. 70 
      volt pulses of electricity were produced at will by healers' hands and 
      recorded.       Professor Fritz-Albert 
      Popp, a well-known biophysicist at Kaiserslautern University, Germany, 
      states that: "All living organisms emit certain electromagnetic 
      waves. If they are in a healthy condition, they emit more. If not, they 
      emit less. This electromagnetic emission is called 
      biophotons."       Glen Rein, a 
      biophysicist at the Institute of HeartMath, CA, has been doing some work 
      on detecting subtle energies. He calls this energy non-Herzian or scalar 
      energy (after maverick scientist Thomas Bearden's theories). He found that 
      exposing neurons (nerve cells), cultured in a petri dish, to healing 
      energy, caused them to fire in their synapses (gaps between the neurons); 
      that is, impulses passed along the nerves, and from one nerve to another, 
      when they were exposed to the scalar 
      energy.       A survey of the literature 
      suggests that 'scalar' energy is the most appropriate description of 
      healing energy up-to-date, as it allows for the fact that healing energy 
      has been shown to be not part of the electromagnetic spectrum as we 
      understand it. According to Robert Jacobs,9 scalar waves are 
      capable of acting on living organisms at a sub-atomic level, and certain 
      frequencies of scalar have been shown to destroy viruses and bacteria. The 
      most efficient use of scalar waves appears to be when the body is exposed 
      en masse to a sweeping range of beneficial frequencies (similar to those 
      delivered by a healer), which enhances its own healthy resonance and helps 
      to restore energetic 
      order.       Experiments involving the 
      Canadian healer Olga Worrell showed her hand temperature, during healing, 
      to remain normal and constant. The absence of thermal transfer led Clyde 
      Ford, one of the researchers, to speculate that biological microwaves or 
      an organising field might be transferred from the 
      healer.10       The absence of 
      a temperature rise in the air surrounding a healer's hands has also been 
      recorded using a thermistor. Jochen Edrich of the University of Colorado 
      reported that "Since microwave emissions can be detected at depths well 
      below the surface of the skin, we felt this would be the best region for 
      diagnostic monitoring of biological radiation." Tissue under stress emits 
      increased levels of microwave radiation. Although the difference is small, 
      it can be detected by a radiometer. Edrich used this technique to detect 
      areas where tumour growth had caused tissue stress. Microwaves may help to 
      account for reports from healers that they can sense/feel problem areas in 
      the body, during scanning of the body during healing. They may also 
      explain sensations of heat reported by healees during 
      healing.11       Fire and 
      electricity convey heat to a substance, but microwaves induce heat within 
      a substance by altering its molecular motion. This altered molecular 
      motion might be the mechanism of unconventional healing. Internal 
      sensations of heat generated by microwaves would not necessarily be 
      detected on the surface.       As James 
      Oschman so ably recounts in his excellent series of articles on healing 
      energy,12 Zimmerman, observing biofields produced by a healer's 
      hand, recorded a pulsed signal of variable frequency ranging from 0.3 to 
      30Hz, with most of the activity in the range of 78 Hz.13 The 
      signal emitted is not steady or constant, but rather sweeps through a 
      range of frequencies. This range covers the low frequency pulses produced 
      by some pieces of physiotherapy equipment used for soft tissue 
      regeneration etc. Only healers were able to produce the biomagnetic 
      pulses.12 
      How Healing Energy Acts Upon the Body
            So far then, we can see 
      that healing may be operating in two ways, one by inducing the alpha state 
      in the healee and the other by the direct action of healing energy upon 
      the body. As the body is thought not to consist of dense matter but rather 
      vortices of energy spinning continuously,14 the boundary 
      between the physical body and the etheric body becomes less distinct. 
      However, I will endeavour, where possible, to be specific regarding which 
      part of the body I am referring 
      to.       The pulsed biomagnetic signal 
      produced by a healer's hands can penetrate body tissue with ease, a 
      phenomenon which is made use of during magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 
      diagnostic procedures in hospitals. In addition, the use of an electric 
      coil positioned round a broken bone that refuses to heal, will produce a 
      magnetic field which stimulates bone cells to begin dividing again. I saw 
      this latter procedure in action while living in Heidelberg, Germany in 
      1980, when a friend of mine had opted to use the (then) controversial 
      treatment for an upper-arm fracture that refused to heal, and had to pay 
      for it herself as it was unrecognised by the medical profession and hence 
      the medical insurance company.       In 
      addition to the transmission of a signal from brain/mind to the body via 
      the ANS, the healing energy might also travel via connective 
      tissue/fascia, the tissue found to have its own pulsing 
      activity,15 a fact made use of during cranio-sacral 
      therapy.       The healing energy could 
      access the body via the biomagnetic field (aura), a slight misnomer as 
      this implies a solid physical body surrounded by a biofield, when the 
      current thinking is that our 'dense' bodies consist of vortices of 
      energy14 vibrating at very high frequency and giving the appearance of 
      hard matter.        Healing energy could 
      be carried round the body by (a) magnetising the blood, (the iron content 
      of haemoglobin being reported by Linus Pauling as conferring magnetic 
      properties on the blood), (b) the ionic current created by the 
      electrolytes in the plasma of the blood (dissolved sodium, chloride, 
      potassium, bicarbonate), (c) proteins which serve as semi-conductors, (d) 
      the nerves, (e) the fascia (connective tissue and sheaths surrounding the 
      spinal cord etc.), and (f) 
      water.       The human body consists of 
      approximately 70% water. Many biologically active compounds are switched 
      on or off by changes in the concentrations of dissolved ions such as 
      sodium and potassium. Individual water molecules, with their tendency to 
      form hydrogen bonds, also stabilise the structure of proteins, whose 
      action depends crucially on their shape.16 
             If the hydrogen bonding angles of 
      one molecule are altered, those in the other molecules might be expected 
      to follow suit (as in a domino effect). Alteration of bonding angles shown 
      to follow healing17&18 might also be the way in which 
      homeopathy works, when the resonant frequency of certain plants is thought 
      to electromagnetically imprint upon the water following potentisation and 
      succussion of remedies. 
             Sweeping/scanning of the body 
      during healing could result in re-magnetising of the blood. This could 
      have the two-fold action of transferring healing energy throughout the 
      body via the circulation to parts where it is needed, and of helping to 
      restore the particular vibrational frequency of the person receiving 
      healing. Vibration of the body will occur as a whole, at a very minute 
      level, affecting water molecules, individual cells and helping to restore 
      the normal L-field19 and resonant frequency of DNA within the 
      nucleus. It was Linus Pauling in the 1920s who first pointed out that at 
      the heart of the covalent hydrogen bond is resonance.20 As the 
      hydrogen bond is an integral part of water molecules, enzymes, DNA, all 
      food substances etc., it follows that if healing energy affects this bond 
      it will be able to influence every part of the body, in particular DNA and 
      enzyme activity.2 Also, is it possible that the vibrational frequency of 
      water molecules is unique for each individual when in a state of optimal 
      resonance? Each person may have a particular frequency for tuning in with 
      the earth's emf i.e. each person could be viewed as a radio receiver 
      capable of picking up a particular frequency. The enormous number of 
      different frequencies involved is not prohibitive to this idea when we 
      consider the existence of many different frequencies for individual 
      reception/transmission for mobile phones or the totally unique 
      fingerprints that each one of us 
      possesses.       Cells communicate with 
      each other, and the vibratory energy will reach within the cell via the 
      cytoskeleton and microtubules. Lakhovsky21 discovered in 1935 
      that the individual cell possesses two characteristics  capacitance and 
      inductance  which are the elements of a tuned circuit. Like a radio, the 
      cell must be tuned to the desired frequency i.e. that necessary to sustain 
      life. As Becker8 has shown, the requirements for normal differentiation of 
      cells and final shape and size attained by body tissue is dictated by 
      minute (micro) electric currents, which are in turn dictated by the 
      biomagnetic field of the body. This also relates to healing energy which 
      is thought to produce tiny eddy currents in body 
      tissue.       The maintenance or 
      restoration of the L-field, or as Rupert Sheldrake terms it 'morphic 
      resonance', is crucial to health. The removal of cells from a specific 
      organ in the body (away from its defining L-field) leads to the 
      development of an amorphous mass (cancer) in the absence of this template 
      of energy which determines normal shape and 
      size.       Distortion of this field 
      either by geopathic stress/trauma/exposure to mutagenic agents etc. could 
      result in failure of the body cells to differentiate (divide to form 
      specific cells) properly, leading to abnormal and unrestricted growth e.g. 
      leukaemia.       Healing might be helping 
      to restore the normal morphic field, which could account for some of the 
      cases of what are often termed 'remarkable recovery' or spontaneous 
      remission. 
      Energy Blockages
            There is nowhere in the 
      body that is unable to receive healing energy except where 'blockages' 
      exist. Could these 'blockages', often sensed by healers as warm areas, be 
      pockets of electrical resistance encountered within body either at 
      cellular/tissue/meridian level? If so, healing might have the 
      effect of stimulating the flow of ions again [ions ( or proteins, which 
      serve as semi-conductors), cause 'electricity' to flow round the human 
      body as compared with a non-living electrical system which uses the flow 
      of electrons to create electricity]. In other words healing could be used 
      to stimulate energy flow through or round the areas where resistance to 
      flow has built up. As mentioned earlier, this can be compared with 
      electrical waves travelling through heart muscle which have to re-route 
      themselves following damage to the heart muscle resulting from a 
      myocardial infarction (heart attack) in order to restore normal cardiac 
      rhythm.
  
      Potential benefits of healing energy
            As well as altering the 
      state of the body by acting upon it at an atomic level, electromagnetic 
      applications in energy medicine induce changes in tissue voltage, improve 
      the activities of the body's enzymes, enhance ion transport at a cellular 
      level and affect membrane potentials. This in turn results in 
      heightened tissue repair and wound healing, enhanced immune functions, and 
      the reduction of inflammation. It can also bring about the elimination of 
      allergic sensitivities and the re-establishment of energetic harmony in 
      the body as a whole.9 In addition, healing often brings a sense 
      of well-being and peace  a general uplifting of the spirit. 
       Example:       Sudden 
      relief from back pain (sciatica) might be due to reduction of inflammation 
      of soft tissue surrounding (trapped) nerve, therefore restoring to normal 
      the size of the hole in the vertebra through which the nerve passes, and 
      eliminating the sensation of pain. It could be noted that relief from 
      pain, in this case, should be long-lasting, as it would be due to a 
      physical change rather than just the enhanced release of the body's own 
      endorphins.       Hopefully this 
      description of a tentative mechanism for healing will serve to stimulate 
      further ideas and discussion and help to develop a better, more 
      comprehensive picture of what is actually happening during healing. There 
      are other aspects of healing, such as emotional and spiritual, which have 
      not been addressed in this article; suffice it to say that they are no 
      less important than the physical aspects, and I hope the reader will bear 
      this in mind. 
      Footnotes
       Compare with the the electrical circuitry of a car, where 
      using too great a fuse strength may result in increased resistance to the 
      flow of electricity, a localised build-up of heat and occasionally 
      fire. 
       The importance of maintaining a certain polarity within 
      cells is illustrated in Robert Charmans excellent series of 
      articles,22 where he states that living cells employ many of 
      the properties of living systems and continually work to generate and 
      maintain regions of differing electrical properties against continual 
      leakage of charge. In fact, the ceaseless work involved in achieving and 
      maintaining these electrical needs consumes some 5060% of the metabolic 
      activity of the cell.23 
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      1. Benor Daniel J., 'Survey of spiritual healing research', 
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      932,1990 2. Bunnell T, 'The Effect of Hands-on Healing on 
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